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dc.contributor.authorBudambula, Valentine 
dc.contributor.authorNgari, Moses 
dc.contributor.authorBudambula, Nancy L.M. 
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Abid A. 
dc.contributor.authorWere, Tom 
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-02T09:13:01Z
dc.date.available2024-05-02T09:13:01Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.identifier.citationhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024-00851-zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.embuni.ac.ke/handle/embuni/4331
dc.descriptionArticleen_US
dc.description.abstractIntroduction Despite documentation on injection drug use (IDU) in Kenya, the nutritional status of people who inject drugs (PWIDs) is under-explored. Elsewhere studies report under-nutrition among PWIDs which is attributed to food insecurity; competing priorities between drugs and food supply; chaotic lifestyle; reduced food intake; substance use induced malnutrition due to inflammation and comorbidities. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that sought to assess the nutritional status of PWIDs in Coastal Kenya. We recruited 752 participants of whom 371(49%) were on IDUs and 75 non-IDUs and 306 non-drug users using respondent driven sampling, traditional snowball, makeshift outreach and purposive sampling methods. Results More than one half of the participants (56%) had BMI classified as normal while 35% had BMI < 18.5. The proportion with BMI < 18.5 was higher among IDUs (46%) compared to the non-IDUs (33%) and non-drug users (23%) at P < 0.001. Using the mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), 17% were classified as underweight and the proportion was lowest (11%) among non- drugs users compared to 22% among IDUs (P < 0.001). However, the IDUs had lower proportion of overweight (8.1%) compared to 55% among the non- drug users. The proportion with low waist-for-hip ratio was highest among the IDUs (74%) while high waist-for-hip ratio was lowest in the same group of IDUs (11%) at P < 0.001. One half (50%), of the participants had no signs of anaemia, (47%) had mild/moderate anaemia while 21 (2.8%) had severe anaemia. However, IDUs were more likely to be overweight based on waist circumference as a parameter. The IDUs had the highest proportion (54%) of mild to moderate anaemia compared to non-IDUs (37%) and 40% non- drug users (P < 0.001). In the multivariable models, IDUs (aRRR 2.83 (95%CI 1.84‒4.35)) and non-IDUs (aRRR 1.42 (95%CI 1.07‒1.88)) compared to non- drug users were positively associated with BMI < 18.5. Being an IDU was positively associated with mild or moderate anaemia (aRRR 1.65 (95%CI 1.13‒2.41)) while non-IDUs were positively associated with severe anaemia (aRRR 1.69 (95%CI 1.16‒2.48)). Conclusion A significant proportion of the participants were under-nourished with those injecting drugs bearing the heaviest brunt. Being an IDU was positively associated with the low BMI, MUAC, waist for hip ratio and mild or moderate anaemia but high waist circumference. People who inject drugs have high risk for under-nutrition and should be targeted with appropriate interventions. Keywords Under nutrition, Injection drug use, BMI, MUAC and anaemiaen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUoeMen_US
dc.subjectUnder nutrition,en_US
dc.subjectInjection drug use,en_US
dc.subjectBMI,en_US
dc.subjectMUAC and anaemiaen_US
dc.titleNutritional status of people who inject drugs in Coastal Kenya: a cross-sectional studyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US


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