Abstract:
espite a study by [1] proposing a simple model of under five years pneumonia, doubt lingers
regarding its reliability, sufficiency and validity. The research question is whether the model is valid
for use or not? The objectives of this study were to: incorporate exit rate from under five-year age
bracket in the model, use Kenya data to parameterize the model, taking into account the
uncertainties and finally to predict the dynamics of pneumonia. The model was rescaled through
nondimensionalization. Data was fitted using theory of general solutions of nonlinear Ordinary
differential equations, numerical differentiation using Lagrange polynomials and least square
approximation method. Uncertainties due to disparities and round off errors were simulated using
Monte Carlo simulation. Predictions of dynamics of pneumonia were carried out using MATLAB
inbuilt ode solvers. Excel software was used to predict dynamics of discrete ordinary differential equations and to fit data. The basic reproduction number () and effective reproduction number ()
were obtained as 61 and 7 respectively. Iteration of uncertainties on R was carried out 1000 times by
Monte Carlo simulation. The maximum and minimum R were obtained as 90 and 55, respectively.
Using MATLAB software and effective reproduction number, the ratio of infective class to the total
population and the ratio of class under treatment to the total population will remain constant at 0.095
and 0.2297 respectively for the years 2021, 2022 and 2023. Research result indicted that it is more
effective and efficient to use effective reproduction number () than basic reproduction number ()
in mathematical modelling of Infectious diseases whenever study focuses on proportion of
population. On basis of large absolute errors in fitting data to model, findings cast doubt on model
formulation and/or observed data.
