Abstract:
Small and medium enterprises are a key engine of economic growth in both developing and
developed countries. Small and medium businesses being profit making institutions are expected
to pay taxes to the government. Therefore, tax compliance is critical in all economies which
recognize the role played by revenue collected from tax in national development. Nonetheless,
developing countries are dominated by low tax compliance levels, in the face of the frequent appeal
from tax collectors for voluntary compliance. As a result, identification of tax evasion approaches
and ways to diminish it is one of the central aims of many governments’ agenda with the view of
achieving higher levels of compliance. As such, many governments have embraced administrative
measures such as fines, penalties, rates and tax audits to enforce tax compliance. Interestingly,
despite the phenomenal growth of small and medium businesses, the tax collection from the sector
is still low. This study therefore, sought to establish the determinants of tax compliance among
small and medium businesses in Embu County, Kenya. The study sampled 185 enterprises in
Embu County using stratified random technique. The findings show that fines and penalties, tax
compliance costs and tax knowledge and education significantly influence tax compliance among
small and medium businesses in Embu County. The study recommends that the Kenya Revenue
Authority should prepare education and training programs to ensure that small and medium
businesses embrace voluntary compliance with all the tax requirements. Further, the study
recommends that Kenya Revenue Authority should also evolve policies to decrease tax compliance
cost incurred by small and medium businesses to avoid curtailing their growth potential and inspire
voluntary tax compliance.
