Nematode diversity and its association with soil properties in monocrop pigeon pea

Abstract

Pigeon pea is a versatile pulse crop grown in semi-arid regions of Kenya; however, its production is affected by plant-parasitic nematodes. The current study was undertaken to investigate the diversity of nematodes and the influence of soil properties on their diversity in monocrop pigeon pea fields in Mbeere North, Embu County, Kenya. Soil samples were collected from Gatunguru B, Gwakaithi, Itururi, Kambungu, Kanyueri, Karigiri, Mbangua and Njarange regions. From each field, soil samples were collected from a depth of 25 cm using W- shaped sampling pattern. The nematodes were identified to the genus level using morphological features. In total, 46 nematode genera assigned to five trophic levels were identified across the eight regions. Abundance of Meloidogyne, Rotylenchulus, Longidorus, Acrobeloides, Cervidellus, Panagrolaimus, Prismatolaimus and Wilsonema varied markedly among the eight regions. Bacterivores belonging to colonizer-persister group 2 were the most prevalent group. There were no differences in Pielou’s evenness, genus richness, Shannon and Simpson diversity indices across the regions. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated significant correlations between certain nematode genera and soil attributes with the first two axes accounting for 56.65% of the variance. Acrobeloides correlated positively with Mg, C, Mn and N, and negatively with Fe. The occurrence of Hoplolaimus and Meso- rhabditis was associated negatively with soil pH, clay and Ca, and positively with sand. The present work reveals a high abundance of economically important PPN in monocrop pigeon pea which necessitates that appropriate nematode management programs are implemented.